List Of All Be Verbs
The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a of the subject. You may, discuss the issue on the, or, as appropriate. ( January 2016) An auxiliary verb ( aux) is a that adds functional or grammatical meaning to the in which it appears, such as to express, emphasis, etc. Auxiliary verbs usually accompany a main verb. The main verb provides the main semantic content of the clause. An example is the verb have in the sentence I have finished my lunch.
Here, the main verb is finish, and the auxiliary have helps to express the. Some sentences contain a chain of two or more auxiliary verbs. Auxiliary verbs are also called helping verbs, helper verbs, or (verbal) auxiliaries. Main article: The following sections consider auxiliary verbs in English. They list auxiliary verbs, then present the diagnostics that motivate this special class (subject-auxiliary inversion and negation with not). The are included in this class, due to their behavior with respect to these diagnostics. List of auxiliaries in English A list of verbs that (can) function as auxiliaries in English is as follows: be ( am, are, is, was, were, being, been), can, could, dare, do ( does, did), have ( has, had, having), may, might, must, need, ought, shall, should, will, would The status of dare, need (not), and ought (to) is debatable and the use of these verbs as auxiliaries can vary across dialects of English.
If the negative forms can't, don't, won't, etc. Are viewed as separate verbs (and not as contractions), then the number of auxiliaries increases. The verbs do and have can also function as full verbs or as, which can be a source of confusion about their status.
The ( can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would, and dare, need and ought when included) form a subclass of auxiliary verbs. Modal verbs are defective insofar as they cannot be inflected, nor do they appear as gerunds, infinitives, or participles. The following table summarizes the auxiliary verbs in standard English and the meaning contribution to the clauses in which they appear. Many auxiliary verbs are listed more than once in the table based upon discernible differences in use. Auxiliary verb Meaning contribution Example be 1 (= ) She is the boss.
The Longest Action Verb List in the Universe Action verbs give your resume 'oomph.' Use our 'longest action verb list in history' to give yourself a boost. Resignation Letter Samples & Templates Browse our database of free resignation letter sample and templates. List of English Verbs in all Tenses. 1000 English Verbs Forms. Proper use of verbs is very important to speak and write correct English. Following is the list of. Linking Verbs - A List & is it Used as Action or Linking. Linking verbs are verbs that do not show action; instead, the linking verb renames or describes the subject. In this example sentence, 'The kitten looked happy' the verb looked is used as a linking verb.
Be 2 He is sleeping. Be 3 They were seen. Can 1 I can swim. Can 2 Such things can help. Could 1 deontic modality I could swim.
Could 2 epistemic modality That could help. Dare deontic modality I dare not attempt it. Do 1 /emphasis You did not understand. Do 2 question Do you like it?
Have They have understood. May 1 deontic modality May I stay? May 2 epistemic modality That may take place.
Might epistemic modality We might give it a try. Must 1 deontic modality You must not mock me. Must 2 epistemic modality It must have rained. Need deontic modality You need not water the grass. Ought deontic modality You ought to play well. Shall deontic modality You shall not pass.
Should 1 deontic modality You should listen. Should 2 epistemic modality That should help. Will 1 epistemic modality We will eat pie. Will 2 The sun will rise tomorrow at 6:03.
Will 3 He will make that mistake every time. Would 1 epistemic modality Nothing would accomplish that. Would 2 tense After 1990, we would do that again. Would 3 habitual aspect Back then we would always go there. Deontic expresses an ability, necessity, or obligation that is associated with an agent subject.
Epistemic modality expresses the speaker's assessment of reality or likelihood of reality. Distinguishing between the two types of modality can be difficult, since many sentences contain a modal verb that allows both interpretations. Diagnostics for identifying auxiliary verbs in English The verbs listed in the previous section can be classified as auxiliaries based upon two diagnostics: they allow (the type of inversion used to form questions etc.) and (equivalently) they can take not as a postdependent (a dependent that follows its ). The following examples illustrate the extent to which subject–auxiliary inversion can occur with an auxiliary verb but not with a full verb: a. He was working today. Was he working today? - Auxiliary verb was allows subject–auxiliary inversion.
He worked today. Worked he today? - Full verb worked does not allow subject–auxiliary inversion. She can see it. Can she see it? - Auxiliary verb can allows subject–auxiliary inversion. Sees she it?
List Of All Verbs In Alphabetical Order
- Full verb sees does not allow subject–auxiliary inversion. (The asterisk. is the means commonly used in linguistics to indicate that the example is grammatically unacceptable or that a particular construction has never been attested in use.) The following examples illustrate that the negation not can appear as a postdependent of a finite auxiliary verb, but not as a postdependent of a finite full verb: a. Sam would try that. Sam would not try that. The negation not appears as a postdependent of the finite auxiliary would. Sam tried that.Sam tried not that.
The negation not cannot appear as a postdependent of the finite full verb tried. Tom could help. Tom could not help. The negation not appears as a postdependent of the finite auxiliary could.Tom helped not. The negation not cannot appear as a postdependent of the finite full verb helped.
A third diagnostic that can be used for identifying auxiliary verbs is verb phrase ellipsis. Auxiliary verbs can introduce verb phrase ellipsis, but main verbs cannot. See the article on for examples. These criteria lead to the be and non-copular use of be as an verb being considered an auxiliary (it undergoes inversion and takes postdependent not, e.g., Is she the boss?, She is not the boss, Is there a God?, There is a God). However, if one defines auxiliary verb as a verb that somehow 'helps' another verb, then the copula be is not an auxiliary, because it appears without another verb. The literature on auxiliary verbs is somewhat inconsistent in this area. There are also some properties that some but not all auxiliary verbs have.
Their presence can be used to conclude that the verb is an auxiliary, but their absence does not guarantee the converse. One such property is to have the same form in the present tense, also for the first and the third person singular. This in particular is typical for auxiliary verbs, such as will and must. (Examples: He will come tomorrow, she must do it at once, not he wills or she musts.) Vs. Light verbs Some syntacticians distinguish between auxiliary verbs. The two are similar insofar as both verb types contribute mainly just functional information to the clauses in which they appear. Hence both do not qualify as separate, but rather they form part of a predicate with another expression - usually with a full verb in the case of auxiliary verbs and usually with a noun in the case of light verbs.
In English, light verbs differ from auxiliary verbs in that they cannot undergo inversion and they cannot take not as a postdependent. The verbs have and do can function as auxiliary verbs or as light verbs (or as full verbs). When they are light verbs, they fail the inversion and negation diagnostics for auxiliaries, e.g. They had a long meeting. Had they a long meeting? - Light verb had fails the inversion test.They had not a long meeting.
Light verb had fails the negation test. She did a report on pandering politicians. Did she a report on pandering politicians? - Light verb did fails the inversion test.She did not a report on pandering politicians. Light verb did fails the negation test. (In some cases, though, have may undergo auxiliary-type inversion and negation even when it is not used as an auxiliary verb – see.) Sometimes the distinction between auxiliary verbs and light verbs is overlooked or confused. Certain verbs (e.g., used to, have to, etc.) may be judged as light verbs by some authors, but as auxiliaries by others.
Multiple auxiliaries Most clauses contain at least one main verb, and they can contain zero, one, two, three, or perhaps even more auxiliary verbs. The following example contains three auxiliary verbs and one main verb: The paper will have been scrutinized by Fred. The auxiliary verbs are in bold and the main verb is underlined. Together these verbs form a verb (chain of verbs), i.e., they are linked together in the hierarchy of structure and thus form a single syntactic unit.
The main verb scrutinized provides the semantic core of sentence meaning, whereby each of the auxiliary verbs contributes some functional meaning. A single finite clause can contain more than three auxiliary verbs, e.g. Fred may be being judged to have been deceived by the explanation. Viewing this sentence as consisting of a single finite clause, there are five auxiliary verbs and two main verbs present. From the point of view of, each of the main verbs constitutes the core of a predicate, and the auxiliary verbs contribute functional meaning to these predicates.
List Of To Be Verbs Replacements
These verb catenae are forms of English, English being a relatively. Other languages, such as Latin, are, which means they tend to express functional meaning with, not with auxiliary verbs. The periphrastic verb combinations in the example just given are represented now using the tree of the sentence; the verb catena is in green: The particle to is included in the verb catena because its use is often required with certain infinitives. The hierarchy of functional categories is always the same.
The verbs expressing modality appear immediately above the verbs expressing aspect, and the verbs expressing aspect appear immediately above the verbs expressing voice. The verb forms for each combination are as follows: Functional meaning Verb combination Example Modality finite modal verb + infinitive may be Perfect aspect form of auxiliary verb have + perfect active participle have been Progressive aspect form of auxiliary verb be + progressive active participle be being Passive voice form of auxiliary verb be + passive participle been deceived English allows clauses with both perfect and progressive aspect. When this occurs, perfect aspect is superior to progressive aspect, e.g.
See also. Notes.
That's not a grammatical description, however; just about every predicate in our language 'reports a state of existence or a logical relationship that exists between entities'. It's certainly not a definition that can be used to construct tests to see whether a particular verb qualifies. Between this and your question about ergative in another item, I think I'm going to have to explain what I mean by verb categories; there are a lot of them, and 'copula' or 'linking' is not one. Kind of unsure how to handle it in this artificial Q:A format; maybe I'll ask a question.
– Sep 1 '13 at 15:21. I was about to post an answer quoting from the Cobuild treatment, which deals with link-verbs as those whose main role is grammatical, rather than semantic, filling a messy void between say 'Bob' and 'warm' / 'a man' in the kiddiespeak 'Bob warm' or 'Bob a man'. Moving on, once you get to similar constructions with say 'become' ('Bob became warm'), 'pass' ('she passed unnoticed'), 'blush' ('the rose blushed pink') 'escape' ('she escaped unscathed') the 'link-like' verb, as Cobuild says, now has semantic weight. However, I'd say 'blushed pink' is far more coherent than 'passed unnoticed'. – Sep 1 '13 at 16:27.
Barry quotes Longman: Link verbs are, in the words of the Longman Grammar, verbs that ‘report a state of existence or a logical relationship that exists between entities.’ He adds: They are ‘used to associate an attribute with the subject of the clause. The attribute is usually expressed by the subject predicative following the verb.’ To which John Lawler replies: That's not a grammatical description, however; just about every predicate in our language 'reports a state of existence or a logical relationship that exists between entities'. It's certainly not a definition that can be used to construct tests to see whether a particular verb qualifies. Cobuild ( ) (Section 6) simply classifies constructions in this area from the surface structure: 6 V adj The verb is followed by an adjective group. This pattern has one structure: Verb with Complement there is a preceding subject not mentioned here by Cobuild I was hungry.
Though I must point out that. happy, say, in she looked happy is obviously a complement (in the sense of being grammatically obligatory) whereas young in my father died young isn't, and. happy, say, in she was happy is obviously modifying (specifying an attribute of) the subject whereas unnoticed in she passed unnoticed looks more to be modifying the manner of her passing (ie has a suspiciously adverbial flavour), this is a start for analysing this structure / these structures.
And Cobuild give a comprehensive semantic breakdown of which verbs appear in such structures. As regards 'link verbs' or 'linking verbs', see my comments above for how Cobuild (and many dictionaries) include verbs other than be in this category. Indeed, ACGEL (Quirk et al) do; seem is clearly labelled as copular. Obviously, there is the complication that there is more than an equivalence with all such verbs other than be (and perhaps equal). I think OP is requesting a list of verbs used in similar structures (and getting more than he bargained for!) 'used to associate an attribute with the subject'(BE) But, as I imply, 'passed unnoticed' smells adverbial rather than adjectival. – Sep 1 '13 at 17:01.